Already in the first sentence of the owl recommendation it is stated that the owl web ontology language is designed for use by applications that need to process the content of information instead of just presenting information to humans 9. W3c recommendation, february 2004 web standard web ontology language built on top of rdf rdf. Owl, api, java, reasoning, application development 1. Introduction the web ontology language owl has been a w3c. The aim of this chapter is to present the web ontology language owl which can be used to develop semantic web applications that understand information and data on the web. Pdf owl web ontology language reference ian horrocks. Although the character owl from winnie the pooh wrote his name wol, the acronym owl was proposed without reference to that character, as an easily pronounced acronym that would yield good logos, suggest wisdom, and honor william a. Dec 18, 2018 much of foodons vocabulary comes from transforming langual, a mature and popular food indexing thesaurus, into a world wide web consortium w3c owl web ontology languageformatted vocabulary. The owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an.
The key references for owl at the date of writing, april 2003. Martins one world language knowledge representation project from the 1970s. One of the main tools for this is owl, an ontology computer language. The natural acronym for web ontology language would be wol instead of owl. The formalism to represent ontologies such as the web ontology language owl wc12 is what many people associate with ontologies today. Pdf on jan 1, 2004, mcguinness and others published owl web ontology languageoverview find, read and cite all the research you need on. Preface to v1 this book is my attempt at providing the rst textbook for an introduction in on tology engineering.
The web ontology language owl is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies. An owl ontology describes a domain in terms of classes, properties and individuals and may include rich descriptions of the characteristics of those objects. There are a number of such languages for ontologies, both proprietory and standardbased such as common algebraic specification language, common logic, cycl, dogma, gellish, idef5, kif, rif, and owl. Rif7 is a standard rules languages for the semantic web. Description logic an important element of the semantic web has a welldefined semantics. Nov 12, 2009 this description of owl, the web ontology language being designed by the w3c web ontology working group, contains a highlevel abstract syntax for both owl dl and owl lite, sublanguages of owl. The making of a web ontology language ian horrocks,1 peter f. This document contains several interrelated normative specifications of the several styles of owl, the web ontology language being produced by the w3c web ontology working group webont.
Apr 14, 2016 w3c recommendation, february 2004 web standard web ontology language built on top of rdf rdf. Owl was primarily designed to represent information about categories of objects and how objects are interrelatedthe sort of information that is often called an ontology. The chapter concludes with two extensive examples of owl ontologies. Web ontology language owl world wide web consortium. An ontology language is a formal language used to encode the ontology. A modeltheoretic semantics is given to provide a formal meaning for owl ontologies written in this abstract syntax. First, section 2 contains a highlevel, abstract syntax for both owl lite, a subset of owl, and owl dl, a fuller style of using owl but one that still places some limitations on how owl ontologies are constructed. Much of foodons vocabulary comes from transforming langual, a mature and popular food indexing thesaurus, into a world wide web consortium w3c owl web ontology languageformatted vocabulary. Web ontology language owl semantics for example, we can state in our ontology. The owl web ontology language is designed for use by applications that need. The reference implementation of the owl api, written in java, includes validators for the various owl 2 pro. Web ontology language wikipedia republished wiki 2.
This document is a guide to the use of the ontology web language owl in snomed ct. This makes this syntax already significantly easier to read by humans. As such, it was designed to be compatible with the extensible markup language xml as well as other w3c standards. Web ontology language ontologies in computer science are based on formal logic with wellfounded semantics. In particular, the formal specification of the language was influ enced by description logics, the surface structure of the language as seen in the abstract syntax. The w3c owl 2 web ontology language owl is a semantic web. Owls is based on ontologies of objects and concepts defined using the ontology web languageowl. Owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally. Dec 11, 2012 the owl 2 web ontology language, informally owl 2, is an ontology language for the semantic web with formally defined meaning. Owl s is based on ontologies of objects and concepts defined using the ontology web language owl. A framework for using reference ontologies as a foundation. Pdf the web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web.
Owl has more facilities for expressing meaning and semantics. Owl 5 the disadvantage of owl full is the language has become so powerful as to be undecidable, dashing any hope of complete let alone e cient reasoning support. In particular, owl extends the resource description framework rdf and rdf schema, two early semantic web. Of course, the uris of the defined ontologies will not usually be references. Owl is a computational logicbased language such that knowledge expressed in owl can be exploited by computer programs, e. This chapter describes concepts related to the support for a subset of the web ontology language owl. Web ontology language the web ontology language owl is a language for defining ontologies on the web. Fast and flexible data modeling efficient automated reasoning this lesson gives a high level introduction to. Abstract the web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web. University of dublin trinity college introduction to web ontology language owl owen. The web ontology language owl is a language for defining ontologies on the web.
In order to regain computational e ciency, owl dl short for. Exercise \\pageindex\ install your ode of choice, if not already done so, and acquaint yourself with the software. Description logic is a sublanguage of owl full which restricts the. Owl 2 web ontology language primer world wide web consortium. If these web sites share and publish the same underlying ontology of the terms they all use, then computer agents can extract and aggregate information from these different sites. It became a world wide web consortium w3c recommendation 1 in february 2004. Owl 2 ontologies can be used along with information written in rdf, and owl 2 ontologies. For example, suppose several different web sites contain medical information or provide medical ecommerce services. The web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for. A w3c semantic web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. Ebiquity research group semantic web reference card v2. It includes detailed information about structure, content and use of owl reference sets. In this chapter we analyse the limitations of rdf schema and derive requirements for a richer web ontology language. The owl semantics and abstract syntax document is the final and formally stated normative definition of the language.
These owl reference sets are used to distribute ontology reference information and the axioms that represent the formal logical definitions of snomed ct concepts. Owl was primarily designed to represent information about categories of objects and how objects are interrelatedthe. Citeseerx citation query owl web ontology language reference. This book provides an excellent overview on the technologies for building the semantic. Chapter 2 an introduction to the owl web ontology language. Oct 21, 20 abstract the web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web. It is intended to facilitate interpretability among web content using vocabulary and formatting that allows automatic machine processing.
Owl 2 web ontology language quick reference guide second. Owl is developed as a vocabulary extension of rdf the resource description. Is a description of concepts and relationships that can be used by people or software agents that want to share information within a domain. Patelschneider,2 and frank van harmelen3 1 department of computer science university of manchester oxford road, manchester m 9pl, uk email.
It builds on the information in chapter 1, and it assumes that you are familiar with the major concepts associated with owl, such as ontologies, properties, and relationships. The language is typically a natural language image of a formal system, such as predicate logic in 4 or owl web ontology language 5 in 6. Owl 10 is a new ontology language for the semantic web, developed by the world wide web consortium w3c web ontology working group. Owl 2 web ontology language document overview second edition. Pdf owl web ontology languageoverview researchgate. The owl reference gives a systematic and compact but still informally stated description of all the modelling primitives of owl.
The web ontology language owl the rapid evolution of semantic web ontology languages was enabled by learning from the experiences in developing existing knowledge representation formalisms and database conceptual models, and by inheriting and extending some of their useful features. The ontologies on the web range from large taxonomies categorizing web sites such as on yahoo. The final goal of the semantic web is a web in which machines can understand the content of the. In encyclopedia of information science and technology, information science reference, pennsylvania, usa, 2007. The web ontology language owl is a semantic markup language for publishing and sharing ontologies on the world wide web. Snomed ct owl guide snomed ct owl guide snomed confluence.
For many ontology projects, owl is the formal language of choice, and owl is indeed something like an emerging standard in applied ontology. Since there are as yet very few owl query languages, and since every. Owl 2 ontologies provide classes, properties, individuals, and data values and are stored as semantic web documents. Since we are designing this system to be part of the semantic web we assume that reference ontology r is either directly represented in a semantic web language such as rdfs or owl or can be converted by wrapper w to appear as rdfsowl. Owl 101 introduction owl or web ontology language is the ontology think schema language of the semantic web. The w3c web ontology language owl is a semantic web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. Representing information using the web ontology language pdf. Indeed, there are books about ontology engineering, but they. The ontology web language for services owls is a core set of markup language constructs for describing the properties and capabilities of web services in unambiguous, computerinterpretable form.
This book introduces the subject of ontology, owl, and shows how it can revolutionize the way we use computers. We then describe the threelayered architecture of the owl language, and we describe all of the language constructs of owl in some detail. Types of languages cycl cycl is used to represent the knowledge stored in the cyc. This document contains a structured informal description of the full set of. The ontology web language for services owl s is a core set of markup language constructs for describing the properties and capabilities of web services in unambiguous, computerinterpretable form. Although already recognisable as an ontology language, the capabilities of rdf are rather limited. An ontology document defines the terms used to describe and represent a domain. It is one of the core semantic web standards you must be familiar with, along with rdf and sparql. Owl web ontology language adelia gouveia and jorge cardoso. The web ontology language owl 6 is a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies and endorsed by the world wide web consortium. Pdf owl web ontology language reference researchgate. Mcguinness and f van harmelen eds owl web ontology language overview.
Owl web ontology language guide world wide web consortium. This document is also available in these nonnormative formats. It is a stable document and may be used as reference material or cited. In this paper we describe racer, which can be considered as a core inference engine for the semantic web. This description of owl, the web ontology language being designed by the w3c web ontology working group, contains a highlevel abstract syntax for both owl dl and owl lite, sublanguages of owl.
The web ontology language owl 3 developed by the world wide web consortium w3c is the most. Creating ontologies information in owl is generally in an ontology. Enables subsumption subclassof relations to be computed tractable inference algorithms owl web ontology language an ontology language for the semantic web w3c standard. The owl web ontology language test cases document contains a large set of test cases for. The language is typically a naturallanguage image of a formal system, such as predicate logic in 4 or owl web ontology language 5 in 6. This language was proposed by the w3c and was designed for publishing, sharing data and automating data understood by computers using ontologies.
1227 155 99 306 314 1245 982 3 177 403 1042 613 337 920 726 1495 817 1254 234 1109 790 377 1501 784 1429 1231 251 1588 807 392 737 488 283 943 640 253 450 1038 989 743 1382 1245 634 758 610 3